2C:12-1B(4)

Edison Elks Flag Day Cerermony

Edison Elks Flag Day Cerermony Americanism
The Edison Elks will be preforming the Annual
Flag Day Service on Thursday, June 14th at 7PM
In the Lodge Hall. All Members and Ladies Auxiliary
are welcome to bring their family and friends to see
this beautiful ceremony to celebrate Our Flag.
Officers attire: Tuxedos.
Plus Freeholder Charles Tomaro will present a Freeholder's resolution to commemorate the Elks's 150 anniversary
Elks will always honor OUR FLAG.
Madelyn Lenox, PVP-American Chair...
   plus Family Picnic at the Edison Elks
Saturday, June 16th, 2018
1-6PM
(Food served till 5)
Advanced tickets: Adults $20, Kids (6-12) $7
Kids under 5 are guests of the Lodge
Tickets at the Door: Adults $22, Kids $8
Hamburgers, Hot Dogs, Sausage & Peppers,
Chicken, Baked Beans, Corn on the Cob,
Salads, and drinks.
Music by: CLAMDIGGERS
Tickets will be available in the Social
Quarters starting June 6th
Event Chair: Bob Tomaszewski

Free Seminar - Update Wills and Estate Planning 2016 update Wills and Estate Planning- Free Seminar                                    January 13, 2016  Wednesday 12:15-1:00 PM and again   5:15pm-6pm  at Law Office of Kenneth Vercammen, 2053 Woodbridge Ave, Edison, NJ 08817        Invited:  Clients, Friends, Accountants, Business Owners, Professionals, HR staff, Financial Planners, Insurance Agents, Nursing Home Staff, Hospital and Nursing Home Social Workers, Office on Aging Personnel, Senior Club Presidents, and Medicaid Workers, COST: Free if you pre-register by email. Complimentary materials provided at 12:00 sharp. We previously held this seminar for the Metuchen and Edison Adult schools. This program is limited to 15 people. Please bring a canned food donation, which will be given to a community food bank. Please email us if you plan on attending or if you would like us to email the materials. SPEAKER: Kenneth Vercammen, Esq.                   (Author- Answers to Questions About Probate)    The NJ Probate Law made a number of substantial changes in Probate and the administration of estates and trusts in New Jersey.  Main Topics: 1. The New Probate Law and preparation of Wills                2. 2016 changes in Federal Estate and Gift Tax exemption 3. Reducing NJ Estate Tax on estates over $675,000 4. Power of Attorney                         5.  Living Will                                            6.  Administering the Estate/ Probate/Surrogate              7.  Question and Answer                            COMPLIMENTARY MATERIAL: Brochures on Wills, Answers to Questions about Probate and Administration of an Estate, Power of Attorney,  Living Wills, Real Estate Sales for Seniors, and Trusts.        Co-Sponsor: Middlesex County Estate Planning Council  To attend email VercammenLaw@Njlaws.com for Information: Mike McDonald 732-572-0500    Can’t attend?  We can email you materials Send email to VercammenLaw@Njlaws.com https://www.facebook.com/events/189376084731220/ Kenneth Vercammen is author of the ABA’s new book “Wills and Estate Administration”  Straightforward and to-the-point, Wills and Estate Administration provides step-by-step guidance that firms can use to handle all aspects of an estates practice, from initial client intake to closing the file. Topics are defined in six parts for ease of use:    Preparation for Wills/Estate Planning Interviews    Interviewing Clients    Additional Estate Planning Issues    Estate Administration    Guardianship of Disabled or Incompetent Parents    Marketing Your Wills and Estate Administration Practice      Making this an essential resource for solo and small firm practitioners, the author includes numerous forms for each topic, and they are also available for download online. The book is basic and written to help new and transitional attorneys. In addition, tips on practice management will help seasoned attorneys. Author: Kenneth A Vercammen Edison, NJ Sponsor: Solo, Small Firm and General Practice Division Publisher: ABA Book Publishing    List Price: $79.95  ABA Price: $69.95 ISBN: 978-1-63425-380-2 Product Code: 5150484 2015, 290 pages, 7 x 10, Paperback       http://shop.americanbar.org/eBus/Store/ProductDetails.aspx?productId=224827061 ABA Service Hotline 800-285-2221 312-988-5000     Sample chapter available http://shop.americanbar.org Have just finished Ken Vercammen's excellent book on Wills, Estate Administration, and Guardianship. It is a very practical book that examines the business of an estate and trust practice. This step-by-step analysis is complete with forms and helps even the seasoned practitioner streamline his practice. -Thomas D. Begley, Jr., Esq., Begley Law Office, NJ About the Author: Kenneth A. Vercammen is a trial attorney in Edison, NJ. He is co-chair of the ABA Probate & Estate Planning Law Committee of the American Bar Association Solo Small Firm Division.  The is the author of the ABA book “Wills and Estate Administration, available at http://shop.americanbar.org/.” He is a speaker for the NJ State Bar Association at the annual Nuts & Bolts of Elder Law & Estate Administration program.   He was Editor of the ABA Estate Planning Probate Committee Newsletter. Mr. Vercammen has published over 150 legal articles in national and New Jersey publications on Wills, litigation, estates, probate law and trial topics. He is a highly regarded lecturer on litigation and probate law for the American Bar Association, NJ ICLE, New Jersey State Bar Association and Middlesex County Bar Association. His articles have been published in noted publications included New Jersey Law Journal, ABA Law Practice Management Magazine, and New Jersey Lawyer. He established the NJlaws website www.njlaws.com which includes many articles on Estate Planning, Probate and Wills. KENNETH  VERCAMMEN & ASSOCIATES, PC ATTORNEY AT LAW 2053 Woodbridge Ave. Edison, NJ 08817 (Phone) 732-572-0500  (Fax)    732-572-0030 www.njlaws.com  http://www.njwillsprobatelaw.com Table of Contents ABA’s new book “Wills and Estate Administration”  Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi PART 1 Preparation for Wills/Estate Planning Interviews . . . . . . . . . . 1 Handling Telephone Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Initial Responses to Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Calls from New Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Subject Matter of Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Reminder Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Telephone Consultations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Rejected Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Referrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Estate Planning Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Exhibit 1-1: Will Appointment Cover Letter . . . . . . . . . . 7 Exhibit 1-2: Estate Planning Appointment Cover Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Exhibit 1-3: New Client Cover Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Exhibit 1-4: New Client Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Exhibit 1-5: Confidential Will Questionnaire . . . . . . . . 14 Exhibit 1-6: Estate Planning Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . 21 Exhibit 1-7: Power of Attorney Questionnaire . . . . . . . 26 Exhibit 1-8: Will Estate Planning Consult Bill . . . . . . . 29 Exhibit 1-9: Agreement to Provide Estate Planning Legal Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 PART 2 Interviewing Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Initial Appointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Wills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Importance of Wills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Will Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Will Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 IV Wills and Estate Administration Preparing Drafts of Estate Planning Documents . . . . . . . . . 40 Guardianship of Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Need for Periodic Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Cost Reductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Revisions in Wills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Children from Prior Marriages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Separated or Divorced Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Gay and Lesbian Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Referring Cases Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Explaining Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Will Preparation Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Power of Attorney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Importance of Power of Attorney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Gift-Giving Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Going into Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Living Wills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Statute Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Health Care Representative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Advance Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Organ Donor Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Estate Planning for Alzheimer’s Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 The Missing Client—Be Wary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Tax Matters and Credit Shelter Trust Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . 64 What Is a Credit Shelter Trust? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 State Estate Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Document Signings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Wills Signings Outside Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Follow-up after Signing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Newsletter to Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Referrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Uniform Probate Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Exhibit 2-1: Will—Husband to Wife with Trust for Minor Children and Guardians Selection . . . . . . . . 83 Exhibit 2-2: Will—Widow/Widower Spouse with Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Exhibit 2-3: Will—Unmarried Couple with No Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Exhibit 2-4: Will—Basic to Spouse and Children with No Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Contents v Exhibit 2-5: Will—Unified Credit Trust to Reduce Estate Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Exhibit 2-6: Will Revision Services Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Exhibit 2-7: Codicil to Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Exhibit 2-8: Will Services Bill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Exhibit 2-9: General Durable Power of Attorney Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Exhibit 2-10: Revocation of Previous Wills and Powers of Attorney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Exhibit 2-11: Living Will and Durable Power of Attorney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Exhibit 2-12: Power of Attorney Taking Effect . . . . . 119 Exhibit 2-13: Will Draft Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Exhibit 2-14: Will Signings Outside Office . . . . . . . . . 123 Exhibit 2-15: Post-Will Signing Letter to Clients . . . . 125 Exhibit 2-16: Client End-of-Case Questionnaire . . . . 128 Exhibit 2-17: Brochure Request Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Exhibit 2-18: Referral Thank You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 PART 3 Additional Estate Planning Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Preparation of Letters of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Content of Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Confidentiality of Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Practitioner Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment . . . . . . . 138 Patient Information Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Prenuptial Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Problems of Probate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Revocable Living Trusts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Transferring Property into the Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Irrevocable Trusts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Marital Tax Deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Special Needs Trusts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Qualified Terminable Interest Property Trust . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Medicaid Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Impact of Divorce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Medicaid Spend-Down and the Mentally Incompetent . . 151 Long-Term Care Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Questions to Ask about Long-Term Coverage . . . . . . . . . 152 VI Wills and Estate Administration Signing House Over to Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Providing for Pets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Unexpected Illness/Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Exhibit 3-1: Letter of Last Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Exhibit 3-2: Confidentiality of Files/Requests for Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Exhibit 3-3: Acknowledgment of Receipt of Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Exhibit 3-4: HIPAA Authorization to Disclose Patient Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Exhibit 3-5: Irrevocable Trust [Wife to Husband] . . . 167 PART 4 Estate Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Filing a Probate Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Qualifying the Executor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Probate Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Inheritance Renunciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Assets That Do Not Pass under a Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Tax Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Finalizing the Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Testamentary Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Consulting Fees for Probate Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Intestacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Elective Share of Spouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Undue Influence Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Caveat to Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Removing an Executor of an Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Complaint for Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Executor’s Commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Unsold Real Estate and Other Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Exhibit 4-1: Condolence/Will Revision Letter . . . . . . 202 Exhibit 4-2: Probate/Inheritance/Estate Administration Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Exhibit 4-3: Retainer Cover Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Exhibit 4-4: Agreement to Provide Probate Legal Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Exhibit 4-5: Executor Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Contents vii Exhibit 4-6: Notice of Probate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Exhibit 4-7: Certificate of Mailing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Exhibit 4-8: Transfer Inheritance Tax Bureau Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Exhibit 4-9: Release and Refunding Bond Letter/Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Exhibit 4-10: Real Estate Waiver Filing . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Exhibit 4-11: Agreement to Provide Legal Services—Probate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Exhibit 4-12: Will/Estate Consultation Bill . . . . . . . . . 231 Exhibit 4-13: Renunciation for Administration . . . . . . 232 Exhibit 4-14: Complaint to Remove Executor, Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Exhibit 4-15: Complaint to Replace Executor . . . . . . 245 PART 5 Guardianship of Disabled or Incompetent Parents . . . . . . . 249 Exhibit 5-1: Guardianship Interview Form . . . . . . . . . 252 Exhibit 5-2: Guardianship Legal Services Fees . . . . . 257 Exhibit 5-3: Complaint for Guardianship . . . . . . . . . . 260 Exhibit 5-4: Affidavit of Next of Kin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Exhibit 5-5: Letters to Doctors to Be Delivered by Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Exhibit 5-6: Affidavit of Doctor 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 PART 6 Marketing Your Wills and Estate Administration Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Seminars Sponsored by Community Organizations . . . . . . . . 265 Hosting Seminars in Your Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Seminar Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Seminar Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 American Association of Retired Persons Membership . . . . . 267 Happy Hour Networking with Professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Marketing via Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Setting up a Blog on Wills and Probate for Free . . . . . . . . 268 Gift Certificates for Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Maintaining Client Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 viii Wills and Estate Administration Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Exhibit 6-1: Sample Letter to Senior Groups . . . . . . . 271 Exhibit 6-2: Confirm Will Seminar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Exhibit 6-3: Sample Flyer for Will Seminar . . . . . . . . 275 Exhibit 6-4: Items to Bring to Wills and Elder Law Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Exhibit 6-5: Law Office Seminar Promotional Flyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Exhibit 6-6: Wills and Estate Administration Seminar Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Kenneth Vercammen was the Middlesex County Bar Municipal Court Attorney of the Year     FOR POTENTIAL CLIENTS TO CONTACT US DURING NON-BUSINESS HOURS, PLEASE FILL OUT THE FORM. Name: Cell Phone: E-Mail Address   If You Do Not Include a Complete E-Mail Address, Network will not Forward Your Contact Form to the Law Office. Details of the Case Agree By typing " agree" into the box you are confirming that you wish to send your information to the Law Office of Kenneth Vercammen   Kenneth Vercammen was the Middlesex County Bar Municipal Court Attorney of the Year

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Free Office Space for Attorney - Edison, NJ

Free Office Space for Transitional or New Attorney and go to Court & Mentor program- Edison, NJ             Kenneth Vercammen’s Law Office has a space sharing opportunity for new lawyer or recent Transitional attorney to get experience and go to court and learn NJ Law office procedures and handle some Municipal court cases. This is a mentoring experience where you can learn NJ Law Office Procedure.            Attorney will be provided with use of desk, plus if needed additional private office space in furnished basement to start their practice, rent-free. They can see clients in first floor office rooms. In return they will handle municipal court appearances, Telephone communications with courts, prosecutors, clients, etc, Will signings and other legal work and criminal law website updates in lieu of rent for maximum 5 hours per week. -Call Courts to follow up on Letter of Representation and scheduling of hearings - Prepare timesheets on Fatal Accident cases -Call Police Departments to follow up on discovery -Call clients and remind them of hearing dates and what to do - Update Criminal and Civil blogs with recent cases             Go to court and get court experience. Excellent opportunity to jump-start your career. You will get to represent people in Municipal Courts in Middlesex, Union and Monmouth County and meet the top Prosecutors and Judges. Must be admitted in NJ and have a car.             Learn to interview potential Municipal Court/Criminal clients. Also learn to draft Wills and work on Litigation files. Attorney may also help provide legal assistance to members of prepaid legal plans and public defender clients. Follow up contact calls with clients, courts, prosecutors and bar associations.   Excellent mentoring position for the right attorney. Are you hardworking and aggressive?  Visit our website: www.njlaws.com to learn about our office. If interested, fax, email or mail a resume and cover letter. KENNETH VERCAMMEN & ASSOCIATES, PC ATTORNEY AT LAW 2053 Woodbridge Ave. Edison, NJ 08817(Phone) 732-572-0500 (Fax) 732-572-0030   vercammenlaw@njlaws.com    The following is included with office use: Desk space Reception room for clients and use as Bona Fide Office You can copy and use our Complaints, Motions, Form Letters and Pleadings.  Use our marketing books, marketing CDs, Criminal, Municipal Court and Elder law audiotapes and video library now located in basement  Use of our computer forms Motions, Complaints, and Form letters Ability to use a file cabinet in basement to store your old files Lighting/ Utilities Bathroom Supplies Landscaping / Snow Removal Valuable advice Hot water, municipal water/sewer charge paid          Other Duties/ Services to Clients -  Help add our 900+ criminal articles and statutes to our new criminal articles blog [We will teach you how to add articles to Blogs] -Prepare Police Chief letters - Whatever else needed to assist clients [ex Motions, ] About Mentor Program Director: Kenneth Vercammen is an Edison, Middlesex County, NJ trial attorney.    Mr. Vercammen has published 125 articles in national and New Jersey publications on criminal, traffic, DWI, probate, estate planning, and litigation topics. He has been selected to write the book on Criminal Law for the American Bar Association. He often lectures to trial lawyers of the American Bar Association, New Jersey State Bar Association and Middlesex County Bar Association.     Kenneth Vercammen was the NJ State Bar Municipal Court Attorney of the Year and past president of the Middlesex County Municipal Prosecutor's Association. He is the past chair of the NJ State Bar Association Municipal Court Section and is the Co-Chair of the ABA Criminal Law committee, GP Division.           He is a highly regarded lecturer on litigation issues for the American Bar Association, ICLE, New Jersey State Bar Association and Middlesex County Bar Association. His articles have been published by New Jersey Law Journal, ABA Law Practice Management Magazine, and New Jersey Lawyer. As the Editor in Chief of the New Jersey Municipal Court Law Review. Mr. Vercammen is also a recipient of the NJSBA- YLD Service to the Bar Award. In his private practice, he has devoted a substantial portion of his professional time to the preparation for trial of litigated matters.  He has appeared in Courts throughout New Jersey several times each week on Criminal personal injury matters, Municipal Court trials, and contested Probate hearings.  He serves as the Editor of the popular legal websites www.njlaws.com and www.BeNotGuilty.com He has served as a Special Acting Prosecutor in nine different cities and towns in New Jersey and also successfully handled over One thousand Municipal Court and Superior Court matters in the past 25 years. Kenneth Vercammen was included in the 2013 “Super Lawyers” list published by Thomson Reuters. He was a member of the Law Review and top 10% law school grad.

Liability for Fall Downs in Parking Lots of Commercial Premises

Kenneth Vercammen & Associates Law Office helps people injured due to the negligence of others. We provide representation throughout New Jersey. The insurance companies will not help. Don't give up! Our Law Office can provide experienced attorney representation if you are injured in an accident and suffer a Serious Injury. Sometimes, store customers are injured in fall downs caused by holes in parking lots or trip in dimly lit areas. Customers may be injured by failure to repair broken sidewalks. Sometimes people trip when business fail to clean up broken or fallen items. No one plans on being injured in an accident, whether it is a fall down or other situation. Speak with a personal injury attorney immediately to retain all your rights. The businesses are responsible for the maintenance of their premises which are used by the public. It is the duty of the store to inspect and keep said premises in a safe condition and free from any and all pitfalls, obstacles or traps that would likely cause injury to persons lawfully thereon. It is further the duty of the store to properly and adequately inspect, maintain and keep the premises free from danger to life, limb and property of persons lawfully and rightfully using same and to warn of any such dangers or hazards thereon. You may be lawfully upon the premises as a business invitee in the exercise of due care on your part, and solely by reason of the omission, failure and default of the store, be caused to fall down If the store did not perform their duty to plaintiff to maintain the premises in a safe, suitable and proper condition, you may be entitled to make a claim. If severely injured, you can retain an attorney to file a claim for damages, together with costs of suit. Injured people can demand trial by jury. WHAT TO TRY TO DO AT THE ACCIDENT SCENE IF INJURED 1. Stop . . . do not leave the scene of the accident. CALL THE AMBULANCE, tell them where the accident occurred and (ask for medical help if needed). 2. Notify the property manager or owner, if possible. Insist they observe where you fell. For example, if you fall on an icy sidewalk at the store/ business, notify the manager. 3. Get names and addresses of all witnesses Witnesses will be a tremendous help to you in any subsequent court action if there is any question of liability involved. Get the names and addresses of as many witnesses as possible. If they refuse to identify themselves, jot down the license plate numbers of their automobiles. Do not discuss the accident with the witnesses. Do not give the witnesses names to anyone but the police, your attorney or your insurance company. 4. While waiting for ambulance, write down- Accident Information Date __ Time __ Location __ Weather __ Road conditions __ Damage __ 5. Summary of accident __ 6. Diagram of accident location 7. Call an ambulance. If you have any reason to suspect you were injured in the accident, go to a hospital immediately or see a physician promptly. Youll want it on record that you sought treatment right away, not in a week or so. 8. Write down name of Police Officers, Department and Badge Number, Ambulance crew, etc. 9. Do not assign or accept blame for the accident. - The scene of the accident is not the place to determine fault. Discuss the accident only with the ambulance and medical personnel, your attorney and with representatives of your insurance company. Give the other party only your name and address. - Be cooperative with the police. 10. Have immediate photos taken of accident site. 11. Call a personal injury attorney immediately, not a real estate attorney. Call Kenneth A. Vercammen- Trial Attorney Attorney At Law (732) 572-0500 When you need help the most, we will be ready to help you. 12. Never give a signed statement to the claims adjuster representing the property owners insurance company. The same goes for a phone recording. They may be used against you in court to deny your claim. Speak with your personal injury attorney first. IF YOU HAVE BEEN INJURED IN A PARKING LOT DUE TO NEGLIGENCE OF THE BUSINESS It is important that you -- 1. DO NOT discuss your case with anyone except your doctors and attorney. 2. DO NOT make any statements or give out any information. 3. DO NOT sign any statements, reports, forms or papers of any kinds, . 4. DO NOT appear at police or other hearings without first consulting with your attorney. INFORM YOUR ATTORNEY PROMPTLY of any notice, request or summons to appear at any hearings. 5. Refer to your attorney anyone who asks you to sign anything or to make any statement or report or who seeks information concerning your case. 6. Direct your doctor and other treatment providers not to furnish or disclose any information concerning your case to any entity other than your insurance company without YOU AND YOUR ATTORNEYS WRITTEN PERMISSION. 7. You may have insurance coverages such as Blue Cross, Blue Shield or Major Medical which require prompt attention. However, be sure to have your treatment providers send bills immediately to all of your insurance companies. 8. Notify your attorney promptly of any new developments. Small things may be important. Keep your attorney informed. 9. Maintain accurate records of all information and data pertaining to your case. 10. If you or any witnesses should move, be sure to notify your attorney of the new address. Financial Recovery if injured while falling down 1. Kenneth Vercammen Helps Injured persons A person who is injured as a result of the negligence of another person is what we in the legal profession refer to as a personal injury claimant. In other words, they have been injured as a result of an accident, and now wish to prosecute a claim against a negligent property owner and its insurance company. As the attorney of record, we will be bringing this action for the injured person. Therefore, I request that all clients do as much as possible to cooperate and help in every way. The purpose of this article is to describe the procedure that we may follow and give you sufficient instructions to enable you to assist us in this undertaking. Needless to say, helping us is just another way of helping yourself. Sidewalk Fall down Liability Certain cases impose limited liability on commercial landowners for injuries to pedestrians on abutting sidewalks. See Stewart v. 104 Wallace St., Inc., 87 N.J. 146 (1981). The duty to maintain the sidewalks flows from the economic benefit that a commercial landowner receives from the abutting sidewalk and from the landowners ability to control the risk of injury. Id. at 158; Davis v. Pecoreno, 69 N.J. 1, 8 (1975) (holding gas station owner liable for injury caused by packed snow and ice on abutting sidewalk because traffic was directly beneficial to his business and enured to his economic benefit). Several decisions of the Appellate Division delineate the appropriate limits of a commercial property owners liability for off-premises injuries. Critical to those decisions is the premise that a landowners liability may extend beyond the premises for activities that directly benefit the landowner. Thus, the owner of a shopping center was not liable to a woman who fell on a dirt path leading from the shopping center to a parking lot. See Chimiente v. Adam Corp., 221 N.J. Super. 580 (1987). In Chimiente, sidewalks provided a safe alternative route. Id. at 584. The dirt path conferred no direct economic benefit on the shopping center. Ibid. Similarly, a shopping center on Route 22 was not liable to a customer who was struck by a car while crossing the highway. See MacGrath, supra, 256 N.J. Super. at 250-51, 253. A restaurant that provided parking on the opposite side of the street, however, had a duty to provide safe passage from the lot to the restaurant. See Warrington v. Bird, 204 N.J. Super. 611 (1985), certif. denied, 103 N.J. 473 (1986). The restaurant knew that its patrons would cross the street, and derived a direct economic benefit from their use of the path. Id. at 617. Finally, a caterer was found liable for the death of a business invitee who was killed crossing a county highway after parking her car in a lot the caterer knew or should have known the invitee would use. See Mulraney v. Aulettos Catering, 293 N.J. Super. 315, certif. denied, _ N.J. _ (1996). Prominent among the reasons for the imposition of liability was the proposition that the use of the lot furthered the caterers economic interest. Id. at 321. Critical to the imposition of liability is a direct economic benefit to the commercial landowner from the path taken by the injured party and the absence of an alternative route. 1. Clients should provide my office with the following 1. Any bills 2. All Hospital or doctor records in your possession 3. Photos of scars, cuts, bruises 4. Photos of damage to your clothes and property 5. Photos of accident site 6. Major Med Card 7. Paystub if lost time from work 2. Attorney- Client Confidential Relationship First, I want to thank our clients for giving me the opportunity to assist them in their case. I am a legal professional and I have great pride and confidence in the legal services that I perform for clients during our relationship as attorney-client. If you have concerns about your case, please call my office. (732) 572-0500 We feel that this case is extremely important not only to you, but to this office as well. This is not simply a matter of obtaining just compensation for you, although that is very important; we take professional pride in guiding our clients carefully through difficult times to a satisfactory conclusion of their cases. 3. Diary We want you to keep a diary of your experiences since your accident. In addition to this daily record, we also ask you to start describing a single day in the course of your life. In other words, describe what you do when you get up in the morning, the first thing you do after you go to work, what type of work and effort you put into your employment, what activities you engage in after work, etc. In other words, we need you to describe the changes in your working life, your playing life, your life as a husband or wife or child or parent. In your written description of your day, we would appreciate your explanation in the greatest detail possible and in your own words how the accident and subsequent injuries have affected your life, your personality, and your outlook. Remember that suffering does not entail mere physical pain; suffering can be emotional and can be transmitted to your family, friends, and co-workers. Keep a diary of all matters concerning this accident-no matter how trivial you think it may be. You should include notes on the treatments you receive, therapy, casts, appliances, hospitalization, change of doctors, change of medication, symptoms, recurrence, setbacks, disabilities and inconveniences. If you have any doubt about the propriety of including some particular information, please call the office and let us assist you. 4. Record expenses You can also begin to set up a system for recording the expenses incurred in conjunction with your claim in minute detail. Medical and legal expenses are a strong part of the value of your lawsuit, so good records of these expenses must be kept at all times. From time to time, however, there will be expenses incurred that you must keep track of yourself. We ask you to make every effort to avoid any possible error or inaccuracy as jurors have a relentless reverence for the truth. Keep your canceled checks and your list of expenses together, for we will need them at a later date. Your attorney will keep track of your legal expenses, which may include costs of filing, service of complaint, investigation, reports, depositions, witness fees, hospital/ medical records, etc. 5. Investigation and Filing of Complaint Procedurally, the following events occur in most personal injury cases. First, your attorney must complete the investigation. This will involve the collection of information from your physician, your employer, and our investigator. We will need your doctors to provide us with copies of all bills, medical records and possibly a medical report. When we feel that we have sufficient information to form an opinion as to the financial extent of your damages, we will commence negotiations with the opposition for a settlement. If the insurance company will not make an adequate offer, then a Complaint and Case Information Statement is prepared by your attorney. It is filed in the Superior Court, Law Division. Your attorney then will prepare a summons and have the defendants personally served with the Summons and Complaint. The defendant, through their insurance company, must file an Answer within 35 days. Kenneth Vercammen's office generally does not file a Complaint until the treating doctor signs an affidavit of merit setting forth why the injury is permanent and the diagnostic tests upon which the permanent injury is based. You will need to speak with your doctor to ask if you have a permanent injury. 6. Interrogatory Questions and Discovery The Answer is followed by a request for written interrogatories. These are questions that must be answered by each party. The Superior Court has set up certain Form A Interrogatory Questions which are contained in the Rules of Court. Generally, written interrogatories are followed by the taking of depositions, which is recorded testimony given under oath by any person the opposition wishes to question. The deposition is just as important as the trial itself. In the event you are deposed during the course of this action, you will receive detailed instructions as to the procedure and will be required to watch a videotape. After taking depositions, the case will be set down for an Arbitration. If the parties do not settle after the Arbitration, the case will be given a trial call date. Altogether, these procedures may take from six months to several years, and your patience may be sorely tried during this time. However, it has been our experience that clients who are forewarned have a much higher tolerance level for the slowly turning wheels of justice. 7. Doctor/ Treatment It will help your case to tell us and your doctors about any injury or medical problems before or after your accident. Good cases can be lost by the injured person concealing or forgetting an earlier or later injury or medical problem. Insurance companies keep a record of any and all claims against any insurance company. The insurance company is sure to find out if you have ever made a previous claim. Tell your doctors all of your complaints. The doctors records can only be as complete as what you have given. Keep track of all prescriptions and medicines taken and the bills. Also save all bottles or containers of medicine. 8. Bills Retain all bills which relate to your damages, including medical expenses, hospital expenses, drugs and medicines, therapy, appliances, and anything needed to assist in your recovery. If possible, pay these bills by check or money order, so that a complete record may be kept. If this is not possible, be certain to obtain a complete receipt with the bill heading on it, to indicate where the receipt came from and the party issuing it. 9. Evidence Be certain to keep anything that comes into your possession which might be used as evidence in your case, such as shoes, clothing, glasses, photographs, defective machinery, defective parts, foreign substances which may have been a factor in your accident, etc. Be sure to let the office know that you have these items in your possession. 10. Photographs Take photographs of all motor vehicles, accident site, etc., that may be connected--directly or indirectly--with your accident. Again, be sure to let the office know that you have such photographs. 11 Keep your attorney advised Keep this office advised at all times with respect to changes in address, important changes in medical treatment, termination of treatment, termination of employment, resumption of employment, or any other unusual change in your life. 12. Lost wages Keep a complete record of all lost wages. Obtain a statement from your company outlining the time you have lost, the rate of salary you are paid, the hours you work per week, your average weekly salary, and any losses suffered as a result of this accident. Where possible, also obtain other types of evidence such as ledger sheets, copies of time cards, canceled checks, check stubs, vouchers, pay slips, etc. 13. New information In the event that any new information concerning the evidence in this case comes to your attention, report this to the attorney immediately. This is particularly true in the case of witnesses who have heretofore been unavailable. 14 Do not discuss the case The insurance company may telephone you and record the conversation or send an adjuster (investigator) who may carry a concealed tape recorder. You should not discuss your case with anyone. Obviously, we cannot stress too strongly that you DO NOT discuss this matter with anyone but your attorney or immediate, trusted family. You should sign no documents without the consent of this office. Remember that at all times you may be photographed and investigated by the opposition. If you follow the simple precautions which we have set out in your checklist, we feel that we will be able to obtain a fair and appropriate amount for your injuries. If you get any letters from anyone in connection with your case, mail or fax them to your attorney immediately. 15. Questioning If any person approaches you with respect to this accident without your attorneys permission, make complete notes regarding the incident. These notes should include the name and address of the party, a description of the person, and a narrative description of what was said or done. Under no circumstances should you answer any question(s). All questions should be referred to your attorneys office. 16. Investigation by Defendant Insurance Company Permit us to reiterate at this time that the oppositions insurance company will in all probability have a team of lawyers and investigators working diligently to counter your claim. During the course of their investigation, it is quite possible that they may attempt to contact you through various (and sometimes, devious) methods. Please do not make their jobs any easier for them by answering their questions. We cannot emphasize too strongly that you should refrain at all times from discussing this matter with anyone--and that includes your employer, your relatives, your neighbors, and even your friends. Of course, there are exceptions to this rule. If there are friends or neighbors or relatives who know all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the accident and can be of assistance to you, then they should be referred to this office so that their natural sympathy can be channeled into an effective asset for you. Insurance companies pay money to claimants when they are satisfied there are both liability and damages that support a recovery. They can be expected to thoroughly investigate the facts of the accident and any past injuries or claims. The insurance company will obtain copies of all of the claimants past medical records. The value of a case depends on the Permanent Injury, medical treatment and doctors reports Undoubtedly, you have questions as to how much your case is worth. We are going to be frank: The fact of the matter is there can be no answer to this question until we have completed the investigation in your case. Once we complete our investigation, of course, we can make a determination as to the amount of the defendants liability, if any, and even at that we will only be at a starting point. After that, we must obtain all necessary information concerning your lost wages, your disability, your partial disability, your life changes, and your prognosis. You may rest assured of one thing, however, and that is the fact that your case will not be settled below its true value, that is the fair compensation for the injuries you have received. You may also rest assured that no settlement agreement will be entered into without your consent. The following information is taken from the old model jury charges dealing with fall downs by store customers. INVITEE - DEFINED AND GENERAL DUTY OWED An invitee is one who is permitted to enter or remain on land (or premises) for a purpose of the owner (or occupier). He/She enters by invitation, expressed or implied. The owner (or occupier) of the land (or premises) who by invitation, expressed or implied, induced persons to come upon his/her premises, is under a duty to exercise ordinary care to render the premises reasonably safe for the purposes embraced in the invitation. Thus, he/she must exercise reasonable care for the invitees safety. He/She must take such steps as are reasonable and prudent to correct or give warning of hazardous conditions or defects actually known to him/her (or his/her employees), and of hazardous conditions or defects which he/she (or his/her employees) by the exercise of reasonable care, could discover. BUSINESS INVITEE FALL DOWNS: The basic duty of a proprietor of premises to which the public is invited for business purposes of the proprietor is to exercise reasonable care to see that one who enters his/her premises upon that invitation has a reasonably safe place to do that which is within the scope of the invitation. Notes: (1) Business Invitee: The duty owed to a business invitee is no different than the duty owed to other invitees. (2) Construction Defects, Intrinsic and Foreign Substances: The rules dealt with in this section and subsequent sections apply mainly to those cases where injury is caused by transitory conditions, such as falls due to foreign substances or defects resulting from wear and tear or other deterioration of premises which were originally constructed properly. Where a hazardous condition is due to defective construction or construction not in accord with applicable standards it is not necessary to prove that the owner or occupier had actual knowledge of the defect or would have become aware of the defect had he/she personally made an inspection. In such cases the owner is liable for failing to provide a safe place for the use of the invitee. Thus, in Brody v. Albert Lipson & Sons, 17 N.J. 383 (1955), the court distinguished between a risk due to the intrinsic quality of the material used (calling it an intrinsic substance case) and a risk due to a foreign substance or extra-normal condition of the premises. There the case was submitted to the jury on the theory that the terrazzo floor was peculiarly liable to become slipper when wet by water and that defendant should have taken precautions against said risk. The court appears to reject defendants contention that there be notice, direct or imputed by proof of adequate opportunity to discover the defective condition. 17 N.J. at 389. It may be possible to reconcile this position with the requirement of constructive notice of an unsafe condition by saying that an owner of premises is chargeable with knowledge of such hazards in construction as a reasonable inspection by an appropriate expert would reveal. See: Restatement to Torts 2d, §343, Comment f, pp. 217-218 (1965), saying that a proprietor is required to have superior knowledge of the dangers incident to facilities furnished to invitees. Alternatively, one can view these cases as within the category of defective or hazardous conditions created by defendant or by an independent contractor for which defendant would be liable (see introductory note above). Cases: Bozza v. Vornado, Inc., 42 N.J. 355, 359 (1954) (slip and fall on sticky, slimy substance in self-service cafeteria which inferably fell to the floor as an incident of defendants mode of operation). Buchner v. Erie Railroad Co., 17 N.J. 283, 285-286 (1955) (trip over curbstone improperly illuminated). Brody v. Albert Lifson & Sons, 17 N.J. 383, 389 (1955) (slip and fall on wet composition floor in store). Bohn v. Hudson & Manhattan R. Co., 16 N.J. 180, 185 (1954) (slip on smooth stairway in railroad station). Williams v. Morristown Memorial Hospital, 59 N.J. Super. 384, 389 (App. Div. 1960) (fall over low wire fence separating grass plot from sidewalk). Nary v. Dover Parking Authority, 58 N.J. super. 222, 226-227 (App. Div. 1959) (fall over bumper block in parking lot). Parmenter v. Jarvis Drug Stor, Inc., 48 N.J. Super. 507, 510 (App. Div. 1957) (slip and fall on wet linoleum near entrance of store on rainy day). Nelson v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., 48 N.J. Super. 300 (App. Div. 1958) (inadequate lighting of parking lot of supermarket, fall over unknown object). Barnard v. Trenton-New Brunswick Theatre Co., 32 N.J. Super. 551, 557 (App. Div. 1954) (fall over ladder placed in theatre lobby by workmen of independent contractor). Ratering v. Mele, 11 N.J. Super. 211, 213 (App. Div. 1951) (slip and fall on littered stairway at entrance to restaurant). DUTY TO INSPECT OWED TO INVITEE The duty of an owner (or occupier) of land (or premises) to make the place reasonably safe for the proper use of an invitee requires the owner or occupier to make reasonable inspection of the land (or premises) to discover hazardous conditions. Cases: Handelman v. Cox, 39 N.J. 95, 111 (1963) (salesman showing merchandise to employees of defendant fell down cellar stairway partially obscured by carton) NOTICE OF PARTICULAR DANGER AS CONDITION OF LIABILITY If the jury members find that the land (or premises) was not in a reasonably safe condition, then, in order to recover, plaintiff must show either that the owner (or occupier) knew of the unsafe condition for a period of time prior to plaintiffs injury sufficient to permit him/her in the exercise of reasonable care to have corrected it, or that the condition had existed for a sufficient length of time prior to plaintiffs injury that in the exercise of reasonable care the owner (or occupier) should have discovered its existence and corrected it. Cases: Tua v. Modern Homes, Inc., 64 N.J. Super. 211 (App. Div. 1960), affirmed, 33 N.J. 476 (1960) (slip and fall on small area of slipper waxlike substance in store); Parmenter v. Jarvis Drug Store, Inc., 48 N.J. Super. 507, 510 (App. Div. 1957) (slip and fall on wet linoleum near entrance of store on rainy day); Ratering v. Mele, 11 N.J. Super. 211, 213 (App. Div. 1951) (slip and fall on littered stairway at entrance to restaurant). Notes: (1) The above charge is applicable to those cases where the defendant is not at fault for the creation of the hazard of where the hazard is not to be reasonably anticipated as an incident of defendants mode of operation. See: Maugeri v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, 357 F.2d 202 (3rd Cir. 1966) (dictum). (2) An employees knowledge of the danger is imputed to his/her employer, the owner of premises. Handelman v. Cox, 39 N.J. 95, 104 (1963). NOTICE NOT REQUIRED WHEN CONDITION IS CAUSED BY DEFENDANT If the jury members find that the land (or premises) was not in a reasonably safe condition and that the owner (or occupier) or his/her agent, servant or employee created that condition through his/her own act or omission, then, in order for plaintiff to recover, it is not necessary for the jury members also to find that the owner (or occupier) had actual or constructive notice of the particular unsafe condition. Cases: Smith v. First National Stores, 94 N.J. Super. 462 (App. Div. 1967) (slip and fall on greasy stairway caused by sawdust tracked onto the steps by defendants employees); Plaga v. Foltis, 88 N.J. Super. 209 (App. Div. 1965) (slip and fall on fat in restaurant area traversed by bus boy); Torda v. Grand Union Co., 59 N.J. Super. 41 (App. Div. 1959) (slip and fall in self-service market on wet floor near vegetable bin). Also see: Thompson v. Giant Tiger Corp., 118 N.J.L. 10 (E. & A. 1937); Wollerman v. Grand Union Stores, Inc., 47 N.J. 426 (1956); Lewin v. Orbachs, Inc., 14 N.J. Super. 193 (App. Div. 1951); Maugeri v. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, 357 F.2d 202 (3rd Cir. 1966). BURDEN OF GOING FORWARD In Wollerman v. Grand Union Stores, Inc., 47 N.J. 426, 429-430 (1966), the court held that where string beans are sold from bins on a self-service basis there is a probability that some will fall or be dropped on the floor either by defendants employees or by customers. Since plaintiff would not be in a position to prove whether a particular string bean was dropped by an employee or another customer (or how long it was on the floor) a showing of this type of operation is sufficient to put the burden on the defendant to come forward with proof that defendant did what was reasonably necessary (made periodic inspections and clean-up) in order to protect a customer against the risk of injury likely to be generated by defendants mode of operation. Presumably, however, the burden of proof remains on plaintiff to prove lack of reasonable care on defendants part. If defendant fails to produce evidence of reasonable care, the jury may infer that the fault was probably his. See also: Bozza, supra, 42 N.J. at 359. Whether or not defendant has furnished an invitee with a reasonably safe place for his/her use may depend upon the obviousness of the condition claimed to be hazardous and the likelihood that the invitee would realize the hazard and protect himself/herself against it. Even though an unsafe condition may be observable by an invitee the jury members may find that an owner (or occupier) of premises is negligent, nevertheless, in maintaining said condition when the condition presents an unreasonable hazard to invitees in the circumstances of a particular case. If the jury members find that defendant was negligent in maintaining an unsafe condition, even though the condition would be obvious to an invitee, the fact that the condition was obvious should be considered by the jury members in determining whether the invitee was contributorily negligent (a) in proceeding in the face of a known hazard or (b) in the manner in which the invitee proceeded in the face of a known hazard. DISTRACTION OR FORGETFULNESS OF INVITEE Even if the jury members find that plaintiff knew of the existence of the unsafe or defective condition, or that the unsafe or defective condition was so obvious that defendant had a reasonable basis to expect that an invitee would realize its existence, plaintiff may still recover if the circumstances or conditions are such that plaintiffs attention would be distracted so that he/she would not realize or would forget the location or existence of the hazard or would fail to protect himself/herself against it. Thus, even where a hazardous condition is obvious the jury members must first determine whether in the circumstances the defendant was negligent in permitting the condition to exist. Mere lapse of memory or inattention or mental abstraction at the critical moment is not an adequate excuse. One who is inattentive or forgetful of a known and obvious danger is contributorily negligent unless there is some condition or circumstance which would distract or divert the mind or attention of a reasonably prudent person. Note: In McGrath v. American Cyanamid Co., 41 N.J. 272 (1963), the employee of a subcontractor was killed when a plank comprising a catwalk over a deep trench up-ended causing him to fall. The court held that even if the decedent had appreciated the danger that fact by itself would not have barred recovery. The court said if the danger was one which due care would not have avoided, due care might, nevertheless, require notice of warning unless the danger was known or obvious. If the danger was created by a breach of defendants duty of care, that negligence would not be dissipated merely because the decedent knew of the danger. Negligence would remain, but decedents knowledge would affect the issue of contributory negligence. The issue would remain whether decedent acted as a reasonably prudent person in view of the known risk, either by incurring the known risk (by staying on the job), or by the manner in which he proceeded in the face of that risk. In Zentz v. Toop, 92 N.J. Super. 105, 114-115 (App. Div. 1966), affirmed o.b., 50 N.J. 250 (1967), the employee of a roofing contractor, while carrying hot tar, tripped over a guide wire supporting an air conditioning tower on a roof. The court held that even if plaintiff had observed the wires or if they were so obvious that he/she should have observed them, the question remained whether, considering the hazard and the work of the employee, he/she was entitled to more than mere knowledge of the existence of the wires or whether he/she was entitled to a warning by having the wires flagged or painted in a contrasting color. This was a fact for the jury to determine. The jury must also determine whether defendant had reason to expect that the employees attention would have been distracted as he/she worked os that he/she would forget the location of a known hazard or fail to protect himself against it. The court also held the plaintiffs knowledge of the danger would not alone bar his/her recovery, but this knowledge goes to the issue of contributory negligence. In Ferrie v. DArc, 31 N.J. 92, 95 (1959), the court held that there was no reasonable excuse for plaintiffs forgetfulness or inattention to the fact that a railing was temporarily absent from her porch, as she undertook to throw bones to her dog, and fell to the ground because of the absence of a railing she customarily leaned upon. The court held: When an injury results from forgetfulness or inattention to a known danger, the obvious contributory negligence is not excusable in the absence of some condition or circumstance which would divert the mind or attention of an ordinarily prudent man. Mere lapse of memory, or inattention or mental abstraction at the critical moment cannot be considered an adequate diversion. One who is inattentive to or forgetful of a known and obvious condition which contains a risk of injury is obvious condition which contains a risk of injury to guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law, unless some diversion of the type referred to above is shown to have existed at the time. The following discussion in 2 Harper & James, Torts, §27.13, pp. 1489 et seq., (1956), cited with approval in Zentz v. Toop, supra, 92 N.J. Super. at 112, may be helpful in understanding the principles involved in the above charges: Once an occupier has learned of dangerous conditions on his/her premises, a serious question arises as to whether he/she may--as a matter of law under all circumstances--discharge all further duty to his/her invitees by simply giving them a warning adequate to enable them to avoid the harm. A good many authorities, including the Restatement, take the position that he/she may. But this proposition is a highly doubtful one both on principle and authority. The alternative would be a requirement of due care to make the conditions reasonably safe--a requirement which might well be satisfied by warning or obviousness in any given case, but which would not be so satisfied invariably. * * * 1. Defendants duty. People can hurt themselves on almost any condition of the premises. That is certainly true of an ordinary flight of stairs. But it takes more than this to make a condition unreasonably dangerous. If people who are likely to encounter a condition may be expected to take perfectly good care themselves without further precautions, then the condition is not unreasonably dangerous because the likelihood of harm is slight. This is true of the flight of ordinary stairs in a usual place in the daylight. It is also true of ordinary curbing along a sidewalk, doors or windows in a house, counters in a store, stones and slopes in a New England field, and countless other things which are common in our everyday experience. It may also be true of less common and obvious conditions which lurk in a place where visitors would expect to find such dangers. The ordinary person can use or encounter all of these things safely if he/she is fully aware of their presence at the time. And if they have no unusual features and are in a place where he/she would naturally look for them, he/she may be expected to take care of himself if they are plainly visible. In such cases it is enough if the condition is obvious, or is made obvious (e.g., by illumination). * * * On the other hand, the fact that a condition is obvious--i.e., it would be clearly visible to one whose attention was directed to it--does not always remove all unreasonable danger. It may fail to do so in two lines of cases. In one line of cases, people would not in fact expect to find the condition where it is, or they are likely to have their attention distracted as they approach it, or, for some other reason, they are in fact not likely to see it, though it could be readily and safely avoided if they did. There may be negligence in creating or maintaining such a condition even though it is physically obvious; slight obstructions to travel on a sidewalk an unexpected step in a store aisle or between a passenger elevator and the landing furnish examples. Under the circumstances of any particular case, an additional warning may, as a matter of fact, suffice to remove the danger, as where a customer, not hurried by crowds or some emergency, and in possession of his/her facilities, is told to watch his/her step or step up at the appropriate time. When this is the case, the warning satisfies the requirement of due care and is incompatible with defendants negligence. Here again, plaintiffs recovery would be prevented by that fact no matter how careful he/she was. But under ordinary negligence principles the question is properly one of fact for the jury except in the clearest situations. In the second line of cases the condition of danger is such that it cannot be encountered with reasonable safety even if the danger is known and appreciated. An icy flight of stairs or sidewalk, a slippery floor, a defective crosswalk, or a walkway near an exposed high tension wire may furnish examples. So may the less dangerous kind of condition if surrounding circumstances are likely to force plaintiff upon it, or if, for any other reason, his/her knowledge is not likely to be a protection against danger. It is in these situations that the bit of the Restatements adequate warning rule is felt. Here, if people are in fact likely to encounter the danger, the duty of reasonable care to make conditions reasonably safe is not satisfied by a simple warning; the probability of harm in spite of such precaution is still unreasonably great. And the books are full of cases in which defendants, owing such a duty, are held liable for creating or maintaining a perfectly obvious danger of which plaintiffs are fully aware. The Restatement, however, would deny liability here because the occupier need not invite visitors, and if he/she does, he/she may condition the invitation on any terms he/she chooses, so long as there is full disclosure of them. If the invitee wishes to come on those terms, he/she assumes the risk. The Restatement view is wrong in policy. The law has never freed landownership or possession from all restrictions or obligations imposed in the social interest. The possessors duty to use care towards those outside the land is of long standing. And many obligations are imposed for the benefit of people who voluntarily come upon the land. For the invitee, the occupier must make reasonable inspection and give warning of hidden perils. . . But this should not be conclusive. Reasonable expectations may raise duties, but they should not always limit them. The gist of the matter is unreasonable probability of harm in fact. And when that is great enough in spite of full disclosure, it is carrying the quasi-sovereignty of the landowner pretty far to let him ignore it to the risk of life and limb. So far as authority goes, the orthodox theory is getting to be a pretty feeble reed for defendants to lean on. It is still frequently stated, though often by way of dictum. On the other hand, some cases have simply--though unostentatiously--broken with tradition and held defendant liable to an invitee in spite of his/her knowledge of the danger, when the danger was great enough and could have been feasibly remedied. Other cases stress either the reasonable assumption of safety which the invitee may make or the likelihood that his/her attention will be distracted, in order to cut down the notion of what is obvious or the adequacy of warning. And the latter is often a jury question even under the Restatement rule. It is not surprising, then, that relatively few decisions have depended on the Restatement rule alone for denying liability. 2. Contributory Negligence. . . But there are several situations in which a plaintiff will not be barred by contributory negligence although he/she encountered a known danger. . . For another, it is not necessarily negligent for a plaintiff knowingly and deliberately to encounter a danger which it is negligent for defendant to maintain. Thus a traveler may knowingly use a defective sidewalk, or a tenant a defective common stairway, without being negligent if the use was reasonable under all the circumstances. Conclusion We appreciate that this is a great deal of information to absorb. However, we are certain that our clients appreciate having this information from the outset. Each request and bit of information given here represents an important part in recovering full value for your injury. Therefore, we respectfully request your full cooperation. If you have questions or concerns regarding these instructions, we encourage you to feel free to contact the office at any time. These situations show that the invitee will not always be barred by his/her self-exposure to known dangers on the premises. is important to clean your wounds. Additionally, you should seek medical attention and advice regarding rabies treatment. If you are not familiar with the dog or its owner, contact your local animal control board and report the incident. Animal control officers may be able to locate the dog and determine its rabies vaccination status. See your doctor if you have been injured by a dog or other animal. In addition, it may be important to contact us to help you protect your legal rights. Please keep in mind that there are time limits within which you must commence suit. If someone hops your fence, trespasses on your land, and your dog bites him, you are not liable. However, New Jersey does impose strict liability if your dog bites someone if it is loose or if the person bitten was in a public place or permitted on your property. NJSA 4:19-16 provides: The owner of any dog which shall bite a person while such person is on or in a public place, or lawfully on or in a private place, including the property of the owner of the dog, shall be liable for such damages as may be suffered by the person bitten, regardless of the former viciousness of such dog or the owners knowledge of such viciousness. For the purpose of the New Jersey Statute 4:19-16, a person is lawfully upon the private property of such owner when he is on the property in the performance of any duty imposed upon him by the laws of this state or the laws or postal regulations of the United States, or when he is on such property upon the invitation, express or implied, of the owner thereof. Thus, in New Jersey, a dog does not get two bites. A person can even be liable if your dog or other pet or animal injures someone although not biting it. Being jumped on or chased by a dog could be grounds for a civil liability. It is also strict liability if any of your dangerous animals injure someone, i.e. pet, buffalo or tiger. For the purpose of this state law, a person is lawfully upon the private property of such owner when he/she is on the property in the performance of any duty imposed upon him by the laws of this state or the laws or postal regulations of the United States, or when he/she is on such property upon the invitation, express or implied, of the owner thereof. In deciding whether the plaintiff was on or in a public place or lawfully on or in a private place, including the property of the defendant, you should note that anyone whose presence is expressly or impliedly permitted on the property is entitled to the protection of the statute. The permission extends to all areas where the plaintiff may reasonably believe to be included within its scope. DeRobertis v. Randazzo, 94 N.J. 144 (1983). In a case such as this where the defendant has raised the negligence of the plaintiff as a defense, the defendant has the burden of proof. This means that the defendant has the burden to prove plaintiffs unreasonable and voluntary exposure to a known risk. This means that the plaintiff knew the dog had a propensity to bite either because of the dogs known viciousness or because of the plaintiffs deliberate acts intended to incite the animal. For example, one who beats or torments a dog has no call upon the owner if in self-defense the dog bites back. Budai v. Teague, 212 N.J. Super. 522 (Law Div. 1986); see also Dranow v. Kolmar, 92 N.J.L. 114, 116-17 (1918). In conclusion, a New Jersey dog does not get two bites. The law imposes upon the landlord or owner of any commercial or business property the duty to use reasonable care to see to it that the sidewalks and common areas are reasonably safe for residents and members of the public who are using them. In other words, the law says that the landlord or owner of a commercial property must exercise reasonable care to see to it that the condition of hallways and sidewalks are reasonably safe and does not subject pedestrians to an unreasonable risk of harm. The concept of reasonable care requires the landlord or owner of a commercial property to take action with regard to conditions within a reasonable period of time after the owner becomes aware of the dangerous condition or, in the exercise of reasonable care, should have become aware of it.

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